Russian History Essays - Russian Nationalism,

Russian History Russian History Russia has always played a major roll in global politics, economics and thought. However, in the past two centuries, Russia has had probably the greatest influence on the international world in modern times, surpassed only by the United States. The Russia that we've known this century though, has its roots in last centuries Russian. At the end of the nineteenth century, Russia experienced great changes internally, politically, socially and spiritually. The half century leading up to the Communist revolution in 1917 was a time filled with sweeping changes, literary triumphs and military defeat. All of these factors played in the eventual revolution and not only affected politics and thought in Russia, but in every nation on earth. After the defeat of the Russian army in the Crimean War, Russian realized that it needed to modernize its country, socially and militarily. Alexander II realized that to modernize mean that Russia needed to westernize. So in 1861 he emancipated the serfs from bondage. The emancipation was mean to bridge the gap between the elite and the general population, but was not the first of such liberal western type reforms. Catherine and Peter the Great had also made western type reforms during their respective reigns. All of their reforms, and especially Alexander's, were influenced by western thought. These thought were introduced into Russia by its Western European educated ruling class. Under Alexander II, the ruling class began to see serfdom as an immoral part of society. This moral problem was accompanied by the economics of the day, and the ethical conclusion was that serfdom must be dismantled. The abolition of serfdom was Alexander II greatest contribution to history. However, the 'Liberating Czar' enacted a whole series of fundamental changes including; comprehensive reform of the judicial system that finally introduced the unheard of idea of equality, trial by jury, public proceedings in legal matters and the impartiality of the courts. In the end though, none of these reforms really solved any of Russia's social or economic problems, eventually called the 'accursed questions'. These were taken up by the various political groups and writers of the time. The writers however were the most important. To Russians, the writer is not only looked upon as an artist of the word, but also as a guide and teacher in a deeper sense. The writer is supposed to understand life better than ordinary mortals, so it's his duty to impart this knowledge to others in appropriate shape and form. The reign of Alexander II was an age of great literary achievement, the 'Golden Age' of the Russian novel. Almost all of the great works of Russian fiction were produced during this time. The best minds were attracted to the novel, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Asakov all produced some of the greatest literary works of all time during this period. All of the writers during this time belonged to a political school of thought, and while some of the schools worked for similar aims, they were all different and each one possessed its own unique ideals. The Slavophiles were probably the oldest of the political schools at the time. The Slavophiles during the reign of Alexander II were of the second generation, and they were the ones to turn the Slavophile myth of old into a real modern political program. This program included the endorsement of the Orthodox religion and a patrimonial monarchy. The Slavophiles believed in the inherent virtue and goodness of the Russian people and culture. A main part of this culture was the ideal of 'sobornost', that is, the communal spirit. The Slavophiles saw this in action in the peasant communes, and believed that communalism in conjunction with Christian communal worship would become the source of Russia's sorely needed moral and cultural regeneration. In accordance with Russia's regeneration, Slavophiles saw the west as corrupt and immoral. They saw Russia's destiny as one in which it would save the west from spiritual decay. Fyodor Dostoevsky was Slavophilisms more down-to-earth and democratic member. He was also the movements' most effective proponent. In his book "Discourse on Pushkin", Dostoevsky describes the Slavophile position. The major opponents of the Slavophile position were the western influenced Nihilists. These leftist radicals rejected religion, the authority of the state, the family, social conventions and aesthetic values as irrelevant. They were highly influenced by Western Europe in their atheism and material positivism. They flaunted the social rules and conventions of the day, they wore dark sunglasses, men wore their hair long and the women short. They were also socialists, but unlike their Slavophile counterparts, they did not believe in a utopia. The nihilists had many sympathizers in

Road Workouts for Truck Drivers Part 1

Road Workouts for Truck Drivers Part 1 A sedentary lifestyle (even when your seat is covering miles of road each day) is  bad for your health. Combining regular exercise with healthy eating habits can help make up for the amount of time you spend sitting. The driving experts at RoadMaster have some great tips to get you up and running–or at least stretching often and walking briskly.Take Proper PrecautionsFirst, check with your doctor to make sure you don’t have any underlying health problems that could affect a new workout regimen. Whenever you’re trying something new, be especially aware of your form to maximize your workout’s effectiveness and safety.If your company has a training program or there’s a gym near home, see if you can set up a few meetings with a trainer who can observe your routine and make suggestions to improve it. Don’t forget to rest between workouts! Recovery is when your muscles rebuild after all that exertion.One of the great things about being on the roa d is that you don’t need a lot of gear to workout- you can push or pull on the giant immobile object that gets you from point A to point B!- just make sure you test the stability and functionality of any equipment before you put your weight on it.And Accessories like stretch bands, dumbbells, jump ropes, and even a yoga mat can fit easily in your cab.CardioCardiovascular workouts cover all manner of moving and shaking, from walking to jumping rope, running to a spin class. Target your legs, shoulders, back, core, and arms- and you’re strengthening your lungs and stamina too. If you’re out of shape, go easy as you gear up for a cardio workout. And remember, 30 minutes of steady walking will do you more good than a series of springs. Keep moving at a regular pace to raise your heart rate, and be sure rehydrate afterwards. You can find stretching and beginner yoga videos online to help you cool down and keep your muscles from stiffening right back up.Check out part 2 for mosre exercises you can take with you on your route!

Multicultural psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multicultural psychology - Essay Example The recent film Syriana is perhaps the first mainstream American film to deal with Muslim culture in a three-dimensional manner. Despite this-or perhaps because of this-the film has been attacked by those on the right wing. Syriana is a multi-layered story that delineates the complexity of the global energy business and how it is affected both by western politics and religious faith. The backlash against the film by conservatives and big-business proponents probably has mostly to do with the painting of the American government as being far more interested in profits than democratic ideals. Perhaps the most surprising thing about the complaints against the film is that very little has been made about the utter humanization of the Muslim characters. The Muslim culture remains a mystery to most people in the West; films and television provide most of us with our only glimpse into how these people live. Syriana shows Muslim people throughout the strata of society, from those who run countries and industry down to the workers displaced by the Machiavellian international machinations behind oil production.

Personal and Professional Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal and Professional Practice - Essay Example People plagiarize because it looks like the easiest and quick thing to do when writing a project or even assignments. Author Ian Fleming wrote a novel with two of his colleagues, but he never mentioned them as co writers, he got sued by his colleagues and fined for plagiarism (Wainwright 2008, p.18). This amounted to plagiarism as he did not involve his counterparts in the final edition of the book yet they participated in its writing. Copying someone else’s work without their permission is plagiarism. A number of famous authors have become dodged with a number of controversies dealing with their books. Authors like Dan Brown and Lynda l Plante are just but examples of leading authors, who have battled court cases related to plagiarism (Arnold 2008). In order to avoid plagiarism in any of the work, one should be able to reference correctly all the ideas, materials, and theories that have been applied (Braniac 2012, p.6). Any individual reading your work should have the ability of telling exactly where the information is from. Read your work over and over again to  ensure that there is no plagiarism before handing in your assignment (Cottrell 2008, p. 41). . One should be able to reference directly, for example and also indirectly (Arnold 2008). One should be able to posses the knowledge of putting his or her own ideas in their assessment. In order to avoid plagiarism, one should use quotation marks, indirect referencing or at the same time, placing different ideas into your own personal words and including a reference at the end of each sentence (Cottrell 2008, p. 54). Referencing your work effectively and properly will prevent plagiarism from happening (Braniac 2012, p.6). Another way of avoiding plagiarism is by educating the students of the issue. Teachers should not assume that the students know what plagiarism is, even if they pretend to know what it is. The students should be provided with an explicit definition of plagiarism (Arnold 2008). Even when revising or paraphrasing another person’s words, or even just using their ideas, the author must still be given credit in a note (Wolff 2012, p.3). Ignoring crediting the appropriate authors, amount to lying. Students should include an annotated bibliography in their works. This should include a brief summary of the source, its location and also an evaluation about the importance of the source (Braniac 2012, p.6). Writers should be aware of the sources of the papers. Plagiarism detector should be used to check the levels of plagiarism (Wolff 2012, p.1). These detectors will enable the students prevent issues of plagiarism in their work or reports (Cottrell 2008, p. 28). Plagiarism is an offence; anyone doing it will be heavily punished. Bibliography Arnold, B, 2008, Caslon Analytics plagiarism incidents, Retrieved August 13, 2012, from http://www.caslon.com.au/plagiarismcasesnote.htm Braniac, A, 2012, How to Prevent Plagiarism, eHow, 6. Cottrell, S, 2008, The Study Skill s Handbook, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Wainwright, M, 2008, Persaud suspended from practice for three months over plagiarism, The Guardian, 18. Wolff, J, 2012, Does plagiarism matter? Answer in your own words, The Guardian, 2-4. Personal and Professional Practice Name: Institution: Why is plagiarism viewed to be such a grave offence? Plagiarism is duplicating someone’s work claiming to be yours. People who commit plagiarism steal other

Young Peoples Following Social Media Trends

Young Peoples Following Social Media Trends RESEARCH TOPIC : SOCIAL MEDIA RESEARCH TITLE : STUDY ON THE REASONS YOUTH ARE PRONE TO BLINDLY FOLLOW TRENDS ON FACEBOOK. 1.0 Abstract In this digital era, social media plays an important role. It helps people to connect with their friends and family without geographical distance and time. Social media has changed the Malaysian sphere in all aspect of life. Yet, it also has their influences towards youth through social networking site, for example, Facebook. This research examines the reason of youth was prone to blindly follow trends on Facebook, specifically in Malaysia. Through this research, it will investigate the reason of youth follow trends blindly and how this trend affects their life or friends and family members. 2.0 Introduction Facebook was officially established in February 2004 and it was founded by Mark Zuckerberg at the age of 20 (Phillips, 2007). Facebook, a social networking site is a second most visited website after Google, with more than half of the member checking in at least once a day (Gilsdorf, as cited in Freeman, 2011, p. 2). Facebook, announced that average referral traffic from Facebook to media sites has increased by over 170%, almost tripled, in the past year (Colwyn, 2013). It’s not only a popular trend to log in to the Facebook, it is also a way to connect people all around the world. Facebook is used to hold a closer relationship between people, friends and family members by photos and statuses uploaded on Facebook by appearing in the â€Å"Newsfeed†, which is a feature that will automatically notify user with their friends’ posts and updates (Freeman, 2011). Therefore, whenever users’ friends post status on Facebook, they can immediately receive it through their â€Å"Newsfeed†. However, users’ may misuse this social networking by following popular trend on Facebook. The aim of this study is to find out the reasons the youth are prone to blindly follow trends on Facebook. One of the trend that followed by the youth is committing suicide after posting status on Facebook and another trend that followed by youth is based on political news and issues. In 2010, Alviss Kong committed suicide by jumping off from 14th floor from the apartment he stayed, in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur after posting the last status, counting down on Facebook, the status at 11.15pm read â€Å"Count Down For 45mins..What should I do in this 45mins?† (Bedi, 2010). Two months after Alviss Kong committed suicide, another 17 years old school student jumped off from 2nd floor of the school building after posting a status few days before that she wanted to take back her own life (Lam, 2011). After finding out the reasons behind these cases, parents should take action and always aware w ith their children’s activities and social life. The strong family bonding may reduce the happening of the similar cases. Next, youth will share news regarding politics being spread by certain parties without being filtered. The positive view of this issue is that, it encourages transparency in political field. Since the traditional media are fully being controlled by the government, the opposition spread news through new media, and one of it will be Facebook. Videos and news about politics are being spread vulgarly on Facebook and it eventually caused the Barisan Nasional (BN) to suffer unusual losses to the opposition’s parties which included the Democratic Action Party (DAP), People Justice Party (PKR) and Pan-Islamic Party (PAS) by losing the states of Penang, Selangor, Perak, Kedah and Kelantan (Muniandy Muniandy, 2013). The negative view of this issue will be, the youth sharing unfiltered, hoax and unreliable news about politics and sometimes it is from a not reliable sources may cause chaos to the country. This trend is able to bring the interest of the youth towards politics. The youth i s the one we are hoping for in the future for our country. Their interest towards politics is rather important. Nevertheless, they should be trained to know how to differentiate true and fake news and whether the sources are reliable. 3.0 Significant of Study This study will be a significant endeavor in awareness raising among teenagers. This will prevent them to be the next victim. Besides that, it also decreases the suicide rate in Malaysia. 4.0 Research Objectives The objectives of this study is to investigate the reasons of teenagers following Facebook’s trends blindly and how these trends will affect their future life. This may even affect their family members and people around them. 5.0 Research Questions 1. Why do they follow these trends blindly? 2. To what extent will these actions have influence their life? 6.0 Literature Reviews Social media has branched and enrooted itself into the daily life of most people, since the advent of it. According to (Nistad, 2013), social medias are tools that can establish relationships and form interactions between people across the internet. Facebook, is a widely popular social networking site worldwide. Based on a survey done, in Malaysia, among 98 respondents almost all of them have Facebook accounts while half of them said that they used Facebook everyday (Abdul Jalil, as cited in Muniandy Muniandy, 2013). In the past ten years, since the establishment of Facebook, we have witnessed different types of trends on Facebook among its users in Malaysia. In this study, we aim to determine reasons why youth are prone to be influenced and tend to follow these trends blindly. The two main trends we would be looking into is the suicide trend, and another is about the trend of sharing political issues and news, even though some of it maybe hoax. Compared to grown-ups, youths are more easily influenced into making bad decisions, and involving themselves in dangerous behaviours, because they are still naive and have a less developed mind (Scott Steinberg, 2008). Hence, it is important that youths are always monitored for any unusual behaviours. For example, the very hot issue back then in 2010 was the suicide case of 22 year-old Malaysian youth, Alviss Kong, who jumped of the apartment building after the break-up with his girlfriend. When he posted his status on Facebook about his suicide intentions, nobody took this seriously except his sister, but he assured her that he was joking. Would things be different, if, only if his peers or even his ex-girlfriend had talked him out of it? Or maybe encouraged him that he still has a long, bright future ahead of him? Or was it the society that actually led to this tragedy? A few weeks later, another 17 year-old girl jumped off her school building after a suicidal post on her Facebook a few days earlier. Could she have been influenced by Alviss Kong’s case? Because in some comments left by young internet users, they see his actions as a â€Å"heroic† action, by ending his life dramatically, and gaining the spotlight of the society (Lim, 2010). It is these comments that actually reflect what influence Facebook has on youths today, in this case it is worrying, since many view suicide as heroic. These foolish and selfish actions of suicide brings side effects to family members of the deceived, as well as people around them. For example, Alviss Kong’s parents faced more grieved because his case was magnified, with his suicidal Facebook post. His ex-girlfriend was being blamed by certain parties for inflicting his suicidal thoughts. Besides that, unformed identity is also one of the reasons youths are prone to be influenced by trends on the social media like Facebook, due to the fact that those trends are created by their peers and people around them. They also easily give in to peer pressure because they are still in the journey of developing their own identity (Scott Steinberg, 2008), and their stand in the society and political views. In Malaysia, the opposition coalition made optimum use of social media, especially Facebook to reach out, and to disseminate their ideology to potential voters (Muniandy Muniandy, 2013). This has helped them to win the ruling power of 5 states in Malaysia, namingly Kedah, Kelantan, Penang, Perak, and Selangor, during the March 2008 General Election. Many young Facebook users tend to believe political news from Facebook because most of the traditional media is controlled or privatized, and owned by people related to Barisan National, the ruling coalition of Malaysia (Seneviratne, 2007 as cited in Muniandy Muniandy, 2013). Of course, it is trustworthy if the news came from official pages of the opposition parties. So, when one of them starts sharing these news and issues, almost all will follow to do so because of peer influences. However, youths must be aware of fake and misleading informations, and they should be able to analyze the accuracy of a certain news, not just believing ev erything on Facebook without thinking wisely. Hoax may cause these youths to be too extreme in their political stand due to the fact that the unfiltered and uncensored information they are receiving on Facebook are actually created by strong supporters of either political parties. That is why, to a certain extent, it is a good that medias are filtered before sensitive informations are leaked out to the public that may cause chaos and unstabality of a country. 7.0 Methodology To ensure this research will obtain its necessary finding, both qualitative and quantitative research will be used. Quantitative research through survey distribution is used to obtain information. This survey will be conducted in online method as it is the most appropriate medium for mass analysis and to collect mass statistic in order to measure and acquire the needed conclusion. We have set 16 to 24 years old youth, who are the active Facebook users as our target audience. This group of target audience must have at least 1000 followers in their Facebook account because this shows they have more influence potential. We will ask the questions about the categories of the posts, photos that they shared, the averages of the ‘like’ that they gained in each post or photo, the number of followers and others. By using this method, we can analyze the data of the power of influences among the youth. We also will know the type of message that influences youth the most. Qualitative research will also be utilized through interview to further acquire in-depth findings for this research and to obtain quality data. The respondents of this interview are randomly picked. We will ask for permission before the interview will be conducted. In this interview, we will ask them about the opinions, feelings and motives when they spreading or following the messages which they saw on Facebook. Besides, we also will ask them about how they judge or analysis the credibility of the messages on Facebook. It is important that the qualitative interviews are used to identify and collect information regarding their experience in using Facebook. We can do analysis and find out the answer for our research. 8.0 References Bedi, R.S. (2010, December 19) Heartbreak in Facebook world. The Star Online. Retrieved 21 March 2014 from http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx/?file=%2f2010%2f12%2f19%2fnation%2f7647966sec=nation Colwyn, S. (2013, December 3) Facebook pushing quality content to the top on its newsfeed. Retrieved 24 February 2014 from http://www.smartinsights.com/social-media- marketing/facebook-marketing/new-facebook-feature-newsfeed-content changes/ Freeman, L. K. (2011). Wall of me: Facebook self-disclosure and partner responsiveness resulting in confirmation or violation expectations and consequences for intimacy and relationships. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved 18 February 2014 from http://media.proquest.com.libezp.utar.edu.my Lam, J. (2011, February 24) Malaysia: Suicide a Rising Problem. Global Voices. Retrieved21 March 2014 from http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/02/24/malaysia-suicide- a-rising-problem/ Muniandy, L., Muniandy B., (2013). The impact of social media in social and poitical aspects in Malaysia: An overview. International Journals of Humanities and Social Science, 3(11), 71-75. Retrieved 21 March 2014 from http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_11_June_2013/8.pdf Phillips, S. (2007, July 25). A brief history of Facebook. The Guardian. Retrieved 21 March 2014 from http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia Nistad, S. A. (2013). The Age of You: How to Understand and Benefit from Social Media and the Connected Society. Retrieved from 21 March 2014 http://books.google.com.my/books?id=Ivl03knZT14Cdq=definition+of+social+mediumsource=gbs_navlinks_s Scott, E. Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescent development and the regulation of youth crime. Retrieved from 21 March 2014 http://futureofchildren.org/futureofchildren/publications/highlights/18_02_Highlights_01.pdf Bedi, R. S. (2010, December 19). Heartbreak in Facebook world. The Star Online. Retrieved from 21 March 2014 http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx/?file=/2010/12/19/nation/7647966sec=nation Lim, S. G. (2010). Youths lost in cyberspace. Retrieved from 21 March 2014 http://www.edvantage.com.sg/content/youths-lost-cyberspace Muniandy, L. Muniandy, B. (2013). The impact of social media in social and political aspects in Malaysia: An overview. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3, 11. 1

Intergroup Relations: Types of Prejudice

Types of Prejudice PSY322 Intergroup Relations Jonathan Cadieux Outline †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Model of Prejudice Sexism Overweight Sexual Orientation Ageism Fiske Prejudice Model ? 4 Types of Groups ? Based on Competence and Warmth ? Competence: perceived group status ? Warmth: perceived competition ? Group 1: Incompetent but warm ? Low status, not competitive ? Results in Paternalistic Prejudice ? Group 2: Incompetent and not warm – Low status, competitive – Results in Contemptuous Prejudice Group 3: Competent but not warm – High status, competitive – Results in Envious Prejudice Group 4: Competent and warm – High status, not competitive – Results in Admiration ? Fiske Prejudice Model Competence Envious Prejudice Jews, Asians, Feminists, Wealthy people Warmth High Admiration In-group, Close allies Low High Welfare recipients, Poor people Contemptuous Prejudice Elderly, Disabled, Housewives Low Paternalistic Prejudice What A bout Working Moms? Competence Envious Prejudice Jews, Asians, Feminists, Wealthy people Warmth High Admiration In-group, Close allies Low High Welfare recipients, Poor people Contemptuous Prejudice Elderly, Disabled, HousewivesLow Paternalistic Prejudice Stereotypes of Working Moms Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick (2004) †¢ How are working moms viewed compared to working dads and working women without children? †¢ Ps rated fictitious targets – Competence, warmth, likelihood of professional rewards – Target: either male/female with a child or not †¢ Predictions from Fiske Prejudice Model – Working moms would be viewed as housewives are viewed: warm & incompetent – Working moms: warmer but less competent than working women without kids – Fewer professional rewards for working moms Stereotypes of Working MomsCuddy, Fiske, & Glick (2004) Gender Gap in the Workplace †¢ Women accounted for only 14. 4% of executive positions – Source: 2010 Catalyst Census: Fortune 500 Women Board Directors and the 2010 Catalyst Census: Fortune 500 Women Executive Officers and Top Earners †¢ Women continue to earn less than men. For example, female managers earned 81 cents for every dollar earned by male managers in 2007 (Source: U. S. Govt Acctountability Office) On the other hand†¦ Sexism and gender roles †¢ Differences in wages are due to sexism, but this appears to operate differently than through overt discrimination. Sexism in the definition of gender roles seem to be at the root of discrepancies in wages. †¢ Potential solutions : – Encouraging women to enter higher paying fields (currently â€Å"male-dominated†) †¢ Stereotype threat? – Encouraging more equitable share of household chores and family caretaking . †¢ Maternity = Paternity leaves? Sexism †¢ Definition †¢ Types of sexism – Old-fashioned †¢ Endorse traditional gender roles & gender stereotypes à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Believe in different treatment of men & women – Modern †¢ Less blatant; denial of discrimination against women †¢ Nonsupport of programs & legislation to help women Benevolent vs. Hostile †¢ Benevolent: positive but stereotyped views; paternalistic †¢ Hostile: negative attitudes; belief in inferiority Old-fashioned sexism Old fashioned sexism For those of you who think it was half a century ago†¦ For those of you who think it was half a century ago†¦ Stigma of Overweight †¢ Overweight stereotype – Lazy, lack self-control, unattractive, slow †¢ Stigma is experienced differently – Seen as controllable †¢ Outcomes for overweight – Held accountable for negative outcomes – More openly derogated – Prejudiced against own group Well-being of the Overweight Quinn & Crocker (1999) Exp. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Role of Protestant Ethic (PE) Implications for overweight women Exp. 1: Correlationa l Study Independent Variables – Protestant Ethic, weight status (normal, somewhat overweight, very overweight) †¢ Dependent Variable: well-being Quinn & Crocker (1999) Exp. 1 Results Well-being of the Overweight Quinn & Crocker (1999) Exp. 2 †¢ Primed PE or inclusion – Mood effects of media messages – Read paragraph that primed PE or inclusion – Read another article that discussed negative social effects of being overweight †¢ Independent Variables – Prime condition, weight status (normal, overweight) Dependent Variables: well-being (post – pre), appearance SE (post only) Quinn & Crocker (1999): Psychological Well-Being Exp. 2: Well-being 1. 5 1 0. 5 Normal Weight Overweight 0 -0. 5 -1 -1. 5 Protestant Ethic Prime Inclusive Prime Quinn & Crocker (1999): Appearance Self-Esteem Exp. 2: Appearance Self-Esteem 3. 6 3. 5 3. 4 3. 3 3. 2 3. 1 3 2. 9 2. 8 2. 7 Normal Weight Overweight Protestant Ethic Prime Inclusive Prime Obesity in Canada Antigay Prejudice †¢ Forms of discrimination – Legal rights, hate crimes †¢ Heterosexism †¢ Current attitudes – Sex differences – Characteristics of high prejudicedAntigay prejudice in the Real World †¢ ‘The Voice’ Coach Makes â€Å"anti-gay† slur 34-year old The Voice Coach and country singer, Blake Shelton has gotten himself into hot water for making an anti-gay slur. It all started on Tuesday, when Shelton, Tweeted his own version of Shania Twain’s Any Mine of Mine: †Any man that tries touching my behind, he’s gonna be a beaten, bleedin’, heaving kind of guy. † Antigay prejudice in the Real World †¢ Tracy Morgan Apologizes for Anti-Gay Slurs †¢ (†¦)the alleged remarks during the show included how he would react violently if his son were gay and used â€Å"a gay oice,† that the gay community should â€Å"not be whining about something as insignificant as bull ying,† and he allegedly added, â€Å"Gay is something that kids learn from the media and programming. † Antigay prejudice in the Real World †¢ Gay rights group to launch complaint over ‘homophobic' comments by RDS (TV Sports) analysts †¢ Mailhot, a former provincial assistant deputy minister, and Goldberg, were discussing the skating of Johnny Weir, the flamboyant 23-year-old and three -time U. S. champion . – â€Å"This may not be politically correct, but do you think he lost points due to his costume and his body language? – â€Å"They'll think all the boys who skate will end up like him,† he said. â€Å"It sets a bad example. † – â€Å"We should make him (Weir) pass a gender test at this point,† Goldberg said, and Mailhot then jokingly suggested Weir should compete in the women's competition. Impact of Antigay prejudice †¢ Suicide risks – Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth 4 times more likely to attempt suicide than their heterosexual peers (Massachusetts Youth Risk Survey 2007). – More than 1/3 of LGB youth report having made a suicide attempt (D’Augelli AR – Clinical Child Psychiatry and Psychology 2002) LGB youth who come from highly rejecting families are more than 8 times as likely to have attempted suicide than LGB peers who reported no or low levels of family rejection (Ryan C, Huebner D, et al. , 2009) – Visit http://www. thetrevorproject. org/ for more info on this issue. Canadian Students’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals (Schellenberg, Hirt, & Sears, 1999) †¢ University of Windsor students †¢ Completed short version of Attitudes toward Lesbians & Men scale – E. g. â€Å"Female homosexuality is a sin†, â€Å"I think male homosexuals are disgusting† †¢ Did attitudes vary by: – Gender, faculty, year in school? Predictions – Science or Business < Arts & Social Science – Men < W omen – 1st Year < 4th Year Canadian Students’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals (Schellenberg, Hirt, & Sears, 1999) Canadian Students’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals (Schellenberg, Hirt, & Sears, 1999) Stereotype Threat and Sexual Orientation Bosson, Haymovitz, & Pinel (2004) †¢ Gay and heterosexual male undergrads †¢ Primed sexual orientation or not †¢ Interacted with 4-6 year old children for 5 min – Interaction videotaped and coded for: †¢ Non-verbal anxiety †¢ Childcare performance †¢ Prediction? Non-verbal Anxiety Bosson et al. 2004) Childcare Performance Bosson et al. (2004) How can we change this? †¢ One way could be by confronting anti-gay behaviour/speech whenever we see/hear it. CONFRONTATION OF PREJUDICE †¢ â€Å"Verbally or nonverbally expressing one’s dissatisfaction with prejudicial and discriminatory treatment to the person who is responsible for making the remark or behavior ’’ (Shelto n, Richeson, Salvatore, & Hill, 2006, p. 67). Confrontation of Prejudice – Previous Work †¢ Almost exclusively with Sexism and Racism confrontation †¢ Little work done with anti-gay prejudice Confrontation of racial and gender biasCzopp, Monteith (2003) Study 2 †¢ Imagined setting (read scenario) †¢ IV : Racist remark or Sexist remark †¢ Testing for moderating role of the race or gender of the person confronting. Results Czopp, Monteith (2003) PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT GUILT AND NEG. SELF PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT Results Czopp, Monteith (2003) PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT GUILT AND NEG. SELF PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT Results Czopp, Monteith (2003) GUILT AND NEG. SELF Confrontation of racial and gender bias Czopp, Monteith (2003) †¢ General conclusion – Sexism and racism not equal – Non-target group members have a unique pportunity for prejudice reduction Other Findings Czopp, Monteith (2006), Rasinski, Czopp (2010) LIKEABLE LIKEAB LE Other Findings †¢ Confrontation is effective : reduces further biased responses in all participants (Czopp, Monteith, Mark, 2006) †¢ Witnesses rate non-target confronters as more persuasive, and more positive than target confronters (Rasinski & Czopp, 2010) Cadieux & Chasteen (2013) †¢ 136 Participants recruited from PSY100 (47 males, 89 females; Age M=18. 9, SD=1. 92) †¢ Read a script of an IM chat log and were told that we are looking at how social media affects everyday communication Scripts included either an antigay comment that : 1) 2) †¢ The confronter was either gay, straight, or did not have his orientation divulged and this was hinted to the participant on a profile page (Facebook) : †¢ A) †¢ B) †¢ C) †¢ Profiles were pilot tested to get baseline evaluations of likeability, masculinity, femininity, attractiveness, etc. Experimental conditions Sexual orientation Scenario – Straight – Comment WITH Confrontation â €“ Gay – Comment WITHOUT Confrontation – Undisclosed Results MAIN EFFECT (c) F(1,130)=3. 77, p=. 05 ? 2=. 028 Results MAIN EFFECT (o) F(2,130)=76. 31, p

The Dos and Donts of Interesting Descriptive Essay Topics

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